This article is aimed at analysing the most important facts and patterns concerning energy poverty as well as at attempted verification of the hypothesis connecting this poverty type and smog. First, the problem of smog in Poland is presented. Next, the work analyses energy poverty, reviewing the adopted measures of that phenomenon and specifying its scale and geographical distribution. It is shown that the areas struggling with the problem of smog are also the ones with the highest quantity of energy-poor households. Those are the most urbanized and heavily populated regions of Poland. According to the analysis, solutions to the problem of smog should be connected directly with liquidating energy poverty of households. The adopted methodology is based on the “Low Income High Costs” (LIHC) index. This index considers modifications proposed by the Institute for Structural Research (ISR), adapting it to the Polish conditions and the level of details of data available for Poland.