Types of presentation
Oral Presentation
Presentation time for ORAL presentation is 10 minutes + 5 min for questions from the audience.
You shall make your presentation in a timely manner. Kindly note that the time is usually followed the the conference Chairman.
All presentations have to be made in English
Speakers are kindly asked to use the available in the Conference hall Laptop. Only if they have special reasons they may use their own laptops (in that case they have to inform the technical assistant before the session).
Only PowerPoint presentations on a CD-ROM/DVD or a USB Memory stick will be accepted.
Types of presentation
Oral Presentation
Presentation time for ORAL presentation is 10 minutes + 5 min for questions from the audience.
You shall make your presentation in a timely manner. Kindly note that the time is usually followed the the conference Chairman.
All presentations have to be made in English
Speakers are kindly asked to use the available in the Conference hall Laptop. Only if they have special reasons they may use their own laptops (in that case they have to inform the technical assistant before the session).
Only PowerPoint presentations on a CD-ROM/DVD or a USB Memory stick will be accepted.
Types of presentation
Oral Presentation
Presentation time for ORAL presentation is 10 minutes + 5 min for questions from the audience.
You shall make your presentation in a timely manner. Kindly note that the time is usually followed the the conference Chairman.
All presentations have to be made in English
Speakers are kindly asked to use the available in the Conference hall Laptop. Only if they have special reasons they may use their own laptops (in that case they have to inform the technical assistant before the session).
Only PowerPoint presentations on a CD-ROM/DVD or a USB Memory stick will be accepted.
Types of presentation
Oral Presentation
Presentation time for ORAL presentation is 10 minutes + 5 min for questions from the audience.
You shall make your presentation in a timely manner. Kindly note that the time is usually followed the the conference Chairman.
All presentations have to be made in English
Speakers are kindly asked to use the available in the Conference hall Laptop. Only if they have special reasons they may use their own laptops (in that case they have to inform the technical assistant before the session).
Only PowerPoint presentations on a CD-ROM/DVD or a USB Memory stick will be accepted.
Publication ethics
Authors
The Author declares that the manuscript is original and in its present form has not been published elsewhere in any form, that it has not been submitted to any journal/proceedings and that it will not be submitted to any other journal/proceedings, if it is accepted for publication in the GEOLINKS Conference Proceedings.
The Author is responsible for the research they have been done and for the results described in the paper.
The Author warrants that the article doesn't infringe upon any copyright, contains no libelous or otherwise unlawful statements, and does not otherwise infringe on the rights of others.
The Author transfers the copyright for this publication/article to the GEOLINKS Conferences.
The Author licenses to the Publisher the right to distribute the Article as a part of GEOLINKS Conference proceedings.
Submission Guidelines
Abstract Submission
An abstract between 300 to 500 words, clearly summarising the arguments, should be submitted before deadline.
The preferred length of paper (including footnotes) is 5,000 words (maximum limit). In general, please confine your paper between 10-12 pages, everything included.
It is author's responsibility to ensure that all references and citations are correct, and that the contribution does not contain any material that infringes copyright, or is defamatory, obscene or otherwise unlawful or litigious. Please check GEOLINKS Tips.
Copyright in the article will remain jointly with the owner of the copyright and the Publisher. By submitting an article to the conference, the owner of the copyright grants the publisher with a license to publish the article. The author warrants that he is the owner of all rights of copyright in the article. Where the author subsequently publishes the article, the author is requested to acknowledge the article appeared in the conference proceedings.
The Author(s) will indemnify and defend the Publisher against any claim, demand or recovery against the Publisher by reason of any violation of any proprietary right or copyright, or because of any libellous or scandalous matter contained in the Manuscript.
The Publisher will have the right to edit the work for the original edition and for any revision, provided that the meaning of the text is not materially altered.
Submission Guidelines
Abstract Submission
An abstract between 300 to 500 words, clearly summarising the arguments, should be submitted before deadline.
The preferred length of paper (including footnotes) is 5,000 words (maximum limit). In general, please confine your paper between 10-12 pages, everything included.
It is author's responsibility to ensure that all references and citations are correct, and that the contribution does not contain any material that infringes copyright, or is defamatory, obscene or otherwise unlawful or litigious. Please check GEOLINKS Tips.
Copyright in the article will remain jointly with the owner of the copyright and the Publisher. By submitting an article to the conference, the owner of the copyright grants the publisher with a license to publish the article. The author warrants that he is the owner of all rights of copyright in the article. Where the author subsequently publishes the article, the author is requested to acknowledge the article appeared in the conference proceedings.
The Author(s) will indemnify and defend the Publisher against any claim, demand or recovery against the Publisher by reason of any violation of any proprietary right or copyright, or because of any libellous or scandalous matter contained in the Manuscript.
The Publisher will have the right to edit the work for the original edition and for any revision, provided that the meaning of the text is not materially altered.
Types of presentation
Types of presentation
Types of presentation
Types of presentation
Types of presentation
Types of presentation
Types of presentation
Types of presentation
Types of presentation
Types of presentation
Types of presentation
Types of presentation
Types of presentation
Types of presentation
Types of presentation
Proceedings 2020
All GEOLINKS 2020 participants get an online access to the full conference proceedings.
You can find the full digital books, including all accepted and published double blind peer-reviewed papers.

GEOLINKS Proceedings
Book 1 Volume 2
Air Pollution and Climate Change
Biotechnologies
Environmental Geology
Soil Science
Water Resources
GEOLINKS Proceedings
Book 2 Volume 2
Ecology and Environmental Studies
Environmental Economics
Green Buildings Technology and Materials
Green Design and Sustainable Architecture
GEOLINKS International Conference 2019, Book 1
ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY
PALEONTOLOGICAL SUBSTRATE OF BEEKITE RINGS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE COLLECTIONS OF THE PHANEROZOIC INVERTEBRATES IN THE MINING UNIVERSITY, ST. PETERSBURG)
Assoc. Prof. Maria Tsinkoburova, Viktor Slastnikov, Timur Khalimov
ABSTRACT
Nowadays there is plenty of published mineralogical and geochemical literature, in which scientists are trying to explain the mechanism of the appearance of such a peculiar form of chalcedony as Beekite rings (special forms of silica, resulted by the secondary silicification of many fossils). From the paleontological point of view, Beekite occurs on various Phanerozoic invertebrates, mainly on Paleozoic brachiopods with a calcite skeleton. At the same time, it was repeatedly noticed that the partial silicification, typical in the formation of Beekite, is due to both environmental and biological factors. The authors discovered samples of the brachiopod of the suborder Syntrophiidina (genus Porambonites Pander, the Ordovician sediments of Baltoscandia) and some samples of the bivalves of the order of Dysodonta (specie Pycnodonte simile (Pusch), the Danian sediments of the Crimean Mountains), containing Beekite rings, in the collections of the Mining University. The representatives of the genus Porambonites Pander are characterized by their thin sculpture and numerous pits located between the costae. The collection shows different stages of the development of Beekite rings on brachiopod shells. The initial stage is characterized by the appearance of small rings (0,5 mm) on the shell's periphery; the ephebic stage is distinguished by the development of Beekite all over the shell. The appearance of Beekite rings also varies from poorly developed, almost unexpressed on the relief of the shell to embossed rings with the siliceous crust and bubbly formations with a very small diameter (0.1 mm). Specie Pycnodonte simile is characterized by thin concentric growth lines, special closely spaced near the external part of the left valve. Distribution of the initial centers of crystallization of aggregates was being controlled by concentric sculpture, clearly expressed in shell's micro-relief, and by features of valves microstructure. Taphonomic features of this species, such as the burial of separated valves contributing to the development of aggregates on both internal and external valves, favored the active siliconization. According to the previous investigations,the appearance of the rings and the intensity of their development depends on the amount of silica in solutions at this place and the character of the dissolution of carbonate minerals. By the authors’ opinion uneven character of the distribution of Beekite rings on surface of shells of invertebrate is due to the features of the shells, i.s. more peculiar for specific minimal taxa. Flat concentric-zonal aggregates
indicate the growth of Beekite rings in conditions of the sufficiently limited space for the crystallization of silica. These conditions were possible both in the still non-litification sediment at the early stage of fossilization, and in the conditions of hypergenesis. Volcanic activity, bentonite interlayers, siliceous organisms were considered as a possible source of ones according to the previous investigations. The last two factors can be considered as presumably initiating the formation of the described structures in the situation with the Ordovician deposits of Baltoskandia. This is confirmed by both the appearance of multiple bentonite interlayers in the Ordovician deposits of the east of Baltoskandia and the formation of so-called sponge horizons. For the formation of Beekite rings on specimens of Bivalves from the Paleocene sediments of the Crimean Mountains, the biogenic factor was probably decisive.
KEYWORDS
Baltoscandia, Ordovician sediments, the Crimean Mountains, Paleocene sediments, Beekite rings, silicification of fossils